Is AI boom the new dot-com bubble? Investors rethinking their bet

Investors are increasingly questioning the sustainability of the current AI boom, as volatility shakes technology stocks and prompts comparisons with the dot-com era.

On Tuesday, the S&P 500 slipped, while Nvidia’s stock gave up half of the value it had gained just a day earlier, following the company’s announcement that it plans to invest $100 billion in OpenAI. The sudden pullback has left market-watchers debating whether the AI frenzy resembles the speculative excesses of the early 2000s tech bubble.

Some analysts see parallels. Bain & Company estimates that the technology sector must invest $500 billion annually to meet the rising demand for AI, yet companies would need to generate $2 trillion in sales to fully recoup those investments. The scale of required spending highlights both the opportunity and the risk embedded in the AI revolution.

Despite these concerns, some commentators argue that the AI boom differs from previous bubbles because companies are primarily funding their AI initiatives with existing profits rather than borrowed capital.

“They aren’t mortgaging their future,” said one market observer, suggesting that while valuations are high, the underlying financial foundation is more stable than during the dot-com era.

Still, not all companies appear ready to translate AI investment into measurable business outcomes. A Financial Times review found that only a small number of U.S. firms could clearly explain how AI is “changing their businesses for the better.”

The gap between ambitious spending and demonstrable results has added to investor caution, raising questions about which companies can genuinely capitalize on the AI wave and which might fall short.

The AI boom’s sustainability remains a central debate. While some argue that high-profile investment and rapid adoption signal a transformative shift, others caution that the current enthusiasm may be inflating expectations faster than companies can deliver tangible returns. Investors are therefore weighing the promise of AI-driven growth against the reality of mounting costs and uncertain revenue potential.

As Nvidia’s market response and broader tech sector fluctuations demonstrate, even industry leaders are not immune to investor scepticism. The coming months will likely reveal whether AI represents a lasting technological revolution or a bubble inflated by optimism and hype.