First Republic Bank sold to JPMorgan Chase: What you need to know

The federal government seized First Republic Bank and sold it to JPMorgan Chase on Monday, ending the lender’s six-week-long free fall and reassuring depositors that their money is safe. First Republic Bank’s failure had much the same roots as the collapses of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank — spooked depositors and investors pulling their money and selling their shares in droves. Here are some answers to questions you may have about what comes next for the bank and for your money. Why was First Republic seized? In the turmoil set off by Silicon Valley Bank’s collapse, First Republic was initially bailed out by the private sector. In March, it received $30 billion (Rs 2.45 lakh crore) in deposits from 11 of the country’s largest banks, including JPMorgan, Morgan Stanley and Wells Fargo. But First Republic struggled nonetheless, and its condition had been deteriorating for weeks. It had seen a large outflow of funds as depositors rushed to pull their money and park it in institutions they viewed as safer. [caption id=“attachment_12534592” align=“alignnone” width=“640”] In First Republic’s case, JPMorgan will assume the lender’s deposits, which would eliminate the need for the government to grant a systemic risk exception. AP[/caption] Its shares had been pummelled — they dropped 75 per cent just last week — as investors feared that it would fail. That drop came after the company released earnings results saying that it had borrowed heavily from the Federal Reserve and government-backed lending groups, the financial industry’s lenders of last resort. Ultimately the FDIC decided it was no longer viable on its own. The First Republic bank failure is the second-largest in US history, after the collapse of Washington Mutual in 2008, and certainly a dramatic turn. But what happened to the bank this weekend follows a playbook that has been used before. The government usually arranges a sale of a failed bank over the weekend, so it can open for business as usual on Monday, said Amanda Heitz, an assistant professor of finance at Tulane University. “Most failed banks,” she said, “are resolved by a purchase and assumption agreement,” in which another institution takes over the bank with the support of the FDIC. In this case that agreement is with JPMorgan. **Also Read: How the failure of Silicon Valley Bank might have affected the entire financial system** Though the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank was in many ways not a typical bank failure, depositors did have access to their money the Monday after it was seized. And the Bank of England was quick to announced that HSBC had bought SVBUK, the bank’s British subsidiary. But in the United States, the sale took a little longer. It wasn’t until late March that the FDIC said Silicon Valley Bank had been sold to a North Carolina bank, and until it could arrange that sale the government created what’s called a bridge bank to operate it until a sale. Why would JPMorgan buy First Republic? In the event of a bank failure, another bank may have an incentive to take over the embattled lender because it’s looking to expand its footprint in a region or build relationships with new customers. On Monday, 84 First Republic branches in eight states will reopen as JPMorgan branches. But the acquisition makes JPMorgan, already the nation’s largest bank, even bigger and could draw political scrutiny. [caption id=“attachment_12534602” align=“alignnone” width=“640”] A press release from the FDIC taped in the window at the headquarters of First Republic Bank in San Francisco. Jim Wilson/The New York Times[/caption] Over the weekend, federal regulators were racing to find a buyer for First Republic before the markets opened on Monday. JPMorgan, PNC Financial Services and Bank of America were all at some point in talks with the FDIC about a potential deal. “The FDIC wants banks to take over other banks,” Heitz said. One way it incentivises buyers is by sharing in any potential losses that a buyer might take, in what’s called a shared-loss agreement. JPMorgan said the FDIC would provide loss share agreements in the First Republic deal including for some home mortgages and business loans. Does this mean deposits are safe? Yes. The FDIC’s rules guarantee that deposits up to $250,000 (Rs 2.04 crore) will be covered, per depositor, per bank. The insurance coverage categories include checking and savings accounts and certificates of deposit. People who have a joint account with someone else, like a spouse, each get $250,000 in coverage, for a potential total of $500,000 (Rs 4.08 crore) in a single joint account. People with different types of holdings can add them up. If the total does not exceed $250,000, multiple holdings — say a $50,000 (Rs 40 lakh) savings account and a $20,000 (Rs 16.34 lakh) certificate of deposit — will be covered. And the insurance is automatic. **Also Read: Why Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank failed so fast** Customers of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank did not lose any of their deposits. Regulators opted to pay all depositors back in full after invoking the “systemic risk exception,” which is intended to protect against systemwide destabilisation. In First Republic’s case, JPMorgan will assume the lender’s deposits, which would eliminate the need for the government to grant a systemic risk exception. What about First Republic’s stock? The stock will be delisted. When a bank is seized by the government, its common shareholders are wiped out. In this case, First Republic shareholders, along with its debt holders, will not receive anything. JPMorgan Chase said that it would not assume First Republic’s corporate debt or preferred stock. Does anything happen to mortgages? The short answer is: Nothing meaningful. With any purchase and assumption agreement, the acquiring bank takes over any loans on the balance sheet, including mortgages, Heitz said. Can customers keep going to First Republic branches? Yes. All offices of First Republic reopened Monday as branches of JPMorgan Chase. They will keep operating as usual, and over time customers will get access to JPMorgan Chase’s network of branches, as well. First Republic customers also can expect to continue having access to uninterrupted service, including mobile and digital banking services. Lora Kelley, c.2023 The New York Times Company Read all the Latest News, Trending News, Cricket News, Bollywood News, India News and Entertainment News here. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.