Paracetamol use in pregnancy not linked to autism or ADHD, study debunks Trump claims

A major international study has found no evidence that using paracetamol during pregnancy increases the risk of autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or intellectual disability in children, easing concerns that have circulated in recent years.

The findings contradict claims made by Donald Trump last September that the widely used painkiller causes autism. His remarks were strongly criticised at the time by medical, women’s health and scientific organisations worldwide.

Trump’s comments had triggered anxiety among expectant mothers, as paracetamol is the medicine most health authorities globally recommend for treating pain, such as headaches, and fever during pregnancy.

What the study found

The research, published in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women’s Health, is based on a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis led by Professor Asma Khalil of City St George’s, University of London. The findings directly challenge earlier suggestions linking prenatal paracetamol use to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Largest review to date

Researchers analysed data from 43 previous studies, making it the most comprehensive review on the issue so far. The analysis included more than 262,000 children assessed for autism, over 335,000 for ADHD and around 406,000 evaluated for intellectual disability.

No link to neurodevelopmental disorders

The study concluded that maternal use of paracetamol does not increase the risk of neurodevelopmental conditions in children. The authors said earlier concerns were likely influenced by confounding factors such as genetics, family environment or the underlying medical reasons for which paracetamol was prescribed.

Medical advice unchanged

Paracetamol — known as acetaminophen in the US and sold under brand names such as Tylenol — continues to be recommended by health authorities as the safest option for managing pain and fever during pregnancy. Experts warn that untreated high fever or severe pain can pose known risks to both the mother and the foetus.

Experts welcome reassurance

Health specialists said the findings should reassure pregnant women and help counter misinformation. UK health authorities maintain that paracetamol is safe to use during pregnancy when taken as directed and for the shortest necessary duration.

Professor Khalil said the evidence was clear. “Paracetamol remains a safe option during pregnancy when used appropriately — at the correct dose and for as long as needed,” she said.

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Mixed response in the US

Independent experts praised the study’s robust methodology, noting that previously suggested links disappeared once confounding factors were properly controlled. However, US health officials said the findings were unlikely to alter existing guidance, arguing that the study does not fully overturn conclusions reached by other researchers.