Why ancient Hindu and Buddhist heritage sites in Pakistan are under threat from vandalism, illegal occupation

Ancient Hindu and Buddhist heritage sites in Pakistan, some nearly 5,000 years old, face threats from vandalism, neglect, and illegal occupation, especially in regions like Chilas, Hunza, and Gilgit-Baltistan. Extremist groups have defaced carvings and imagery at several sites, while local authorities have been criticized for actions considered desecration, such as painting notices over ancient art. Activists and experts urge Pakistan to fulfill its Unesco obligations and call for stronger legal protections, security, and international monitoring to prevent irreversible damage to these heritage sites.