From Bombay to Berlin: How Devika Rani was influenced by Marlene Dietrich

As I reflect on my recent visit to Germany, hosted graciously by the Federal Republic of Germany as part of their Visitor’s Programme for Berlinale 2024, I am compelled to delve into the profound connection between India and Germany, united by our shared love for cinema and culture. My journey through the vibrant tapestry of German cinema, from the hallowed halls of Deutsche Kinemathek – Museum für Film und Fernsehen to the innovative corridors of Film University Babelsberg Konrad Wolf, has left an indelible mark on my cinematic sensibilities. The multifaceted itinerary has been designed to introduce me to the rich cultural landscape of Germany, from the visits to esteemed institutions to engaging discussions on film financing and location promotion organised by Berlinale Talents.

At the heart of this exploration lies a comparative discourse between two luminaries of the silver screen: Marlene Dietrich and Devika Rani. In the intricate tapestry of global cinema from Hollywood to Bollywood, we come across these two trailblazing leading ladies whose contributions to the silver screen continue to resonate with audiences around the world. In their respective realms, Dietrich and Rani epitomize the essence of cinematic excellence, transcending boundaries and leaving an indelible imprint on the annals of film history.

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My exploration of German film history led me through the iconic corridors of Deutsche Kinemathek, where the legacy of Marlene Dietrich looms large. Here, amidst the relics of cinematic history, I had the privilege of witnessing Dietrich’s treasured screen test for the film ‘Der Blaue Engel’ aka ‘The Blue Angel.’ Inhabiting the role of Lola Lola, the seductive singer in the local cabaret, Dietrich mesmerised audiences with her captivating presence and unparalleled talent. As she climbed onto the piano, cigarette no longer in hand, and put on a show, it became evident why she was destined to become an international star.

As the legend goes, Josef von Sternberg began assembling the cast for the first major German sound film – ‘Der Blaue Engel’ in 1929. A classic of Weimar cinema, the 1930 film featured Dietrich in the iconic role of a liberated woman of the world who chose her own path. The persona made Dietrich an international sensation. Her magnetic performances in classics such as ‘The Blue Angel’ and ‘Morocco’ not only captivated audiences but also redefined notions of femininity and allure on screen. Through her fearless portrayal of complex characters and unapologetic embrace of her sexuality, Dietrich shattered stereotypes and paved the way for generations of actresses to come, becoming an icon of Hollywood and the Western world.

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At Deutsche Kinemathek, one can immerse oneself in Dietrich’s journey through photos from her childhood in Berlin, her dedication during WWII, as well as numerous costumes and costume designs that encapsulate her indelible impact on the world of cinema.Deutsche Kinemathek’s archive has preserved over 300,000 pages of written material related to her personal and private affairs, including more than 45,000 pages of correspondence, 16,500 photographs and over 3,300 textile objects.

My exploration of the cinematic legacy of Marlene Dietrich automatically brings me to Devika Rani. In the annals of Indian cinema, Rani remains a formidable figure whose impact rivals that of Dietrich. Born in 1908 in present-day India, Devika Rani emerged as one of the earliest female icons of Indian cinema, leaving an indelible mark on the industry through her pioneering work with Bombay Talkies and her collaborations with husband and filmmaker Himanshu Rai.

At Bombay Talkies, Rani not only starred in numerous films but also took on responsibilities behind the scenes, including production and administration. Her multifaceted approach to filmmaking set her apart as a visionary leader in an industry dominated by men. Under her guidance, Bombay Talkies became a hub of creativity, attracting some of the most talented artists and technicians of the time.

Like Dietrich, Rani was unafraid to push boundaries and confront taboos, leaving an indelible mark on the Indian film industry. One of the most iconic moments of Rani’s career came in 1933, with the release of ‘Karma.’ Directed by Himanshu Rai, the film featured a groundbreaking scene in which Rani and co-star Himanshu Rai shared what is considered one of Indian cinema’s first on-screen kisses. This bold and progressive depiction of romance sparked both controversy and admiration, cementing Rani’s status as a trailblazer in the industry.

Despite hailing from disparate corners of the globe, Dietrich and Rani shared a common commitment to artistic excellence and a fearless pursuit of their craft. Both women transcended the confines of their respective cultures and defied expectations, embodying the transformative power of cinema to challenge conventions and inspire audiences.

Also, one cannot overlook the pivotal role played by Josef Wirsching in the evolution of Indian cinema. A German cinematographer, Wirsching became a pioneer in cinematography in India, contributing significantly to the heritage of Indian cinema. His association with Indian cinema began in 1925 when he worked with another German, Franz Osten, in the Indo-European collaboration ‘The Light of Asia.’ Wirsching’s expertise and artistry elevated Indian cinema to new heights, and his legacy continues to inspire generations of filmmakers to this day.

Through their respective journeys, Dietrich, Rani, and Wirsching embody the transformative power of cinema to transcend boundaries and unite audiences in a shared celebration of human experience. As I bid farewell to Germany, enriched by my immersion in its cinematic heritage, I carry with me a deeper appreciation for the enduring bond between India and Germany, nurtured by our mutual reverence for the art of storytelling.

In honouring the legacies of Marlene Dietrich, Devika Rani, and Josef Wirsching, we pay homage to the timeless allure of cinema and the indelible mark it leaves on our collective consciousness. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of cinema, we may draw inspiration from these trailblazing individuals and their fearless pursuit of artistic expression.

The author is an Indian critic and journalist who has been covering cinema, art and culture for over ten years. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely that of the author. They do not necessarily reflect Firstpost_’s views._

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