 "Trump and Zelenskyy clash over Crimea: What is the significance of this territory?")
The long-standing and deeply contentious issue of Crimea has once again taken centre stage as United States President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy clashed over its status during renewed discussions aimed at ending the war in Ukraine.
The dispute came to a head during a series of tense diplomatic engagements in London, where Trump’s envoy, Steve Witkoff, presented proposals seen by Kyiv as favouring Moscow.
Zelenskyy has maintained that Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014, is and will remain part of Ukraine.
Speaking publicly, he stated, “There’s nothing to talk about here. This is against our constitution,” reiterating Ukraine’s firm stance on territorial integrity.
Trump, on the other hand, dismissed the relevance of Crimea to peace talks, saying in a social media post that Crimea “was lost years ago and is not even a point of discussion.”
Why Crimea is so important
Crimea’s significance is rooted in its history and strategic geography. The Black Sea peninsula has long been a coveted asset for both Russia and Ukraine. First annexed by the Russian Empire in the 18th century, it saw significant demographic and political shifts over centuries.
In 1954, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev transferred Crimea from Russia to Ukraine — both part of the USSR at the time — to mark the 300th anniversary of the unification of Moscow and Kyiv. Upon the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, Crimea became part of newly independent Ukraine.
From the perspective of Ukraine, Crimea holds immense strategic and security value. It enables control over maritime activity in the Black Sea and had become an integral part of Ukraine’s national identity over six decades.
Leonid Kravchuk, Ukraine’s first president, once said that Kyiv had invested approximately $100 billion into the peninsula from 1991 to 2014.
Russia, however, maintained its presence through its Black Sea Fleet based in Sevastopol, and the region has deep emotional and military significance for Moscow.
After the 2014 annexation, “Krym nash!” or “Crimea is ours!” became a patriotic slogan across Russia.
President Vladimir Putin described the peninsula as “a sacred place,” and the move boosted his approval rating from 65 per cent in early 2014 to 86 per cent by mid-year, according to polling from the Levada Center.
What is Crimea’s role in the war in Ukraine
Crimea’s annexation in 2014 marked a turning point that led to the deterioration of Russia’s relations with the West and laid the groundwork for the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
After the annexation, fighting broke out in eastern Ukraine, where pro-Russian militias, supported by Moscow, clashed with Ukrainian forces. Although Russia denied involvement, investigations — including a Dutch court ruling — provided evidence of its military support to the separatists.
Since 2022, Crimea has been central to Russia’s military operations. It has served as a launchpad for missile strikes and a base for aircraft sorties targeting Ukrainian cities.
Russian forces utilised the peninsula to secure a land corridor through the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions. Crimea also facilitates the blockade of Ukrainian Black Sea ports, enhancing Russia’s strategic posture in the region.
Ukraine has responded by targeting key Russian infrastructure in Crimea. These attacks have included strikes on the Russian Black Sea Fleet, ammunition depots, and the Kerch Bridge — a symbol of Moscow’s control over the peninsula.
In October 2022 and July 2023, the bridge was hit by Ukrainian operations .
Ukraine’s top military leadership continues to point out Crimea’s importance. Valerii Zaluzhnyi, Ukraine’s commander-in-chief, in 2022, called it a “key factor” in Russia’s war effort, reported Deutsche Welle.
However, he cautioned at the time that even if Ukraine were to retake Crimea, Russia could continue the war from its mainland.
How a divided West plays for Ukraine
As diplomatic talks resumed, significant friction emerged not only between the US and Ukraine but also between Washington and its European allies. Trump, determined to fulfill his campaign pledge of ending the war quickly, has signalled a shift in the US approach.
Since taking office in January 2025, Trump has moved to de-escalate tensions with Moscow while pressuring Kyiv to accept a ceasefire.
US Vice President JD Vance highlighted that the US peace proposal involves “freezing territorial lines at some level close to where they are today” and pursuing a “long-term diplomatic settlement.”
He added, “The only way to really stop the killing is for the armies to both put down their weapons, to freeze this thing.”
Sources familiar with the US plan said it would recognise Russia's annexation of Crimea and also concede Russian control over 20 per cent of Ukrainian territory.
It would also prohibit Ukraine from joining Nato and call for the lifting of Western sanctions on Russia. This proposal has been met with resistance in Kyiv and concern in European capitals.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio cancelled his attendance at the London talks, leading to the broader cancellation of a ministerial meeting that was to include Britain, France, Germany, and Ukraine. The absence has put a spotlight on growing gaps in the Western alliance about the path forward in Ukraine.
White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt noted Trump’s frustration, saying Zelenskyy “seems to be moving in the wrong direction.”
Trump’s Ukraine envoy Keith Kellogg echoed this, calling for swift action: “It’s time to move forward on President Trump’s UKR-RU war directive: stop the killing, achieve peace, and put America First.”
Trump, for his part, insisted that peace is within reach, stating that negotiations were “very close to a deal.” Following the meetings, he remarked, “We’ve got to get two people, two strong people, two smart people, to agree. And as soon as they agree, the killing will stop.”
Despite the pressure, Zelenskyy remains resolute. He posted on X that the London discussions were intense but necessary, and he reaffirmed Ukraine’s constitutional commitment to its territorial integrity.
He also attached a 2018 declaration by former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo which read: “The United States rejects Russia’s attempted annexation of Crimea and pledges to maintain this policy until Ukraine’s territorial integrity is restored.”
Emotions have run high today. But it is good that 5 countries met to bring peace closer. Ukraine, the USA, the UK, France and Germany. The sides expressed their views and respectfully received each other’s positions. It’s important that each side was not just a participant but… pic.twitter.com/lDFV5WK8tw
— Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський (@ZelenskyyUa) April 23, 2025
The next round of talks is expected to include a fourth meeting between Steve Witkoff and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Witkoff’s increasing diplomatic engagement with Moscow has triggered unease in Kyiv and Europe.
While European powers issued a joint statement endorsing Trump’s goal of a “just and lasting peace,” they remain wary of the costs such a settlement may impose on Ukraine.
Will the war that began in Crimea, also end in Crimea?
With inputs from agencies
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