US and Iran cite substantial progress in nuclear talks, though deal is still unclear

Lausanne, Switzerland: With 10 days to a nuclear deal deadline, top US and Iranian officials spoke on Saturday of substantial headway, and Iran’s president proclaimed that agreement was within reach. But America’s top diplomat said it was up to Tehran to make the decisions needed to get there. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said “achieving a deal is possible” by a March 31 target date for a preliminary accord that is meant to lead to a final deal by the end of June that would crimp Tehran’s nuclear programs in exchange for sanctions relief. [caption id=“attachment_2167015” align=“alignleft” width=“380”]  Iranian President Hassan Rouhani. AFP[/caption] US secretary of state John Kerry was more circumspect, as he spoke to reporters after six days of negotiations in the Swiss city of Lausanne. The talks, made “substantial progress,” he said, but “important gaps remain. “We have an opportunity to get this right,” Kerry said, as he urged Iran to make “fundamental decisions” that prove to the world it has no interest in atomic weapons. But in a rebuff of President Barack Obama’s latest attempt at outreach, Iran’s supreme leader warned against expectations that even a done deal would end the chill between the two nations. The US thawed its 30-year freeze on talking to Tehran — in place since the Iranian revolution and siege of the American Embassy — in 2009 and joined other nations at the nuclear negotiating table. That was followed with a series of secret US-Iran nuclear meetings starting in 2012, which led to a 15-minute telephone conversation two years ago between Obama and Rouhani and the now routine meetings between Kerry and Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif. Obama, in a message to Iranians celebrating the Persian new year this week, suggested that success at the talks could build on trust, proclaiming it was up to both nations “to seize this moment and the possibilities that can bloom.” But Ayatollah Ali Kamenei gave Obama the cold shoulder. “Negotiations with America are solely on the nuclear issue and nothing else,” he told a crowd in northeastern Iran. “We do not talk with US over regional issues. In the regional issues, America’s goals are completely opposed to our goals.” In a reflection of the delicate state of negotiations, other officials differed on how close the sides were to a deal. Top Russian negotiator Sergey Ryabkov and Iran’s atomic energy chief Ali Akbar Salehi said in recent days that technical work was nearly done. But French officials insisted the sides were far from any agreement. Kerry departed later Saturday to meet with European allies in London, in part to ensure unity, before returning to Washington. Kerry said the US and its five negotiating partners — Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia — are “united in our goal, our approach, our resolve and our determination.” But France, which raised last minute objections to an interim agreement reached with Iran in 2013, could threaten a deal again. It is particularly opposed to providing Iran with quick relief from international sanctions and wants a longer timeframe for restrictions on Iran’s nuclear activity. “France wants an agreement, but a robust agreement,” French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius told French radio. “That is to say, an accord that really guarantees that Iran can obviously have access to the civil nuclear (program).” “But to the atomic bomb? No.” On Twitter on Friday, France’s ambassador to the US called talk about needing a deal by March 31 a “bad tactic” that is “counterproductive and dangerous.” Gerard Araud called it an “artificial deadline” and said negotiators should focus instead on the next phase — reaching a complete agreement by the end of June. In London on Saturday, Kerry and the European ministers said in a joint statement that any “solution must be comprehensive, durable and verifiable.” “None of our countries can subscribe to a deal that does not meet these terms,” said the statement, which was read out by British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond. One encouraging sign is the apparent narrowing of differences on Iran’s uranium enrichment program. Tehran insists it wants to enrich only for energy, medical and research purposes, but much of the world fears it could turn the process toward making the fissile core of a nuclear warhead. As the current round wound down this week, officials told The Associated Press that the United States and Iran are drafting elements of a deal that commits the Iranians to a 40 percent cut in the number of machines they use to enrich. The Obama administration is seeking a deal that stretches the time Tehran would need to make a nuclear weapon from the present two to three months to at least a year. For Washington, the stakes are high if the talks miss the March deadline. The Obama administration has warned that a diplomatic failure could lead to an ever tougher dilemma: Whether to launch a military attack on Iran or allow it to reach nuclear weapons capacity. A more immediate challenge may be intervention from Congress. If American lawmakers pass new economic sanctions on Iran, the Islamic Republic could respond by busting through the interim limits on its nuclear program it agreed to 16 months ago. Thus far, it has stuck to that agreement. Associated Press