Trump imposes 25% tariff plus penalty on Indian imports: How it compares to other nations

As Washington moves to impose a 25% tariff along with additional penalties on Indian goods, India’s trade with the United States is set to encounter major challenges beginning August 1.

Announced by US President Donald Trump on Wednesday, the measure is expected to significantly impact high-growth export sectors including chemicals, machinery, and electronics.

According to a MoneyControl report, the decision threatens to stall India’s recent export momentum in the US — one of its fastest-expanding markets — and adds new uncertainty to bilateral trade ties.

The US tariffs on Indian goods exceed those imposed on comparable economies.

Indonesia will face a 19% duty, while Vietnam and the Philippines will be subject to a 20% tariff. India, meanwhile, faces both the base tariff and a penalty, making it one of the most heavily targeted among Asian trading partners, added the report.

“Remember, while India is our friend, we have, over the years, done relatively little business with them because their Tariffs are far too high, among the highest in the World, and they have the most strenuous and obnoxious non-monetary Trade Barriers of any Country. Also, they have always bought a vast majority of their military equipment from Russia, and are Russia’s largest buyer of ENERGY, along with China, at a time when everyone wants Russia to STOP THE KILLING IN UKRAINE — ALL THINGS NOT GOOD! INDIA WILL THEREFORE BE PAYING A TARIFF OF 25%, PLUS A PENALTY FOR THE ABOVE, STARTING ON AUGUST FIRST. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION TO THIS MATTER. MAGA!” Trump posted on Truth Social.

India’s trade with the US has nearly doubled over the past decade, rising from $64.6 billion in 2013 to $118.4 billion in 2024, according to MoneyControl, citing its analysis of UN COMTRADE data.

The growth has been led primarily by exports, which surged 89.3%, from $42 billion in 2013 to $79.4 billion in 2024, while imports grew at a more moderate pace.

Beyond the increase in volume, the composition of trade has undergone a notable transformation. Traditional exports such as textiles, apparel, and stone products have declined in share, giving way to a sharp rise in machinery, electronics, and chemicals.

By 2024, machinery and electronics accounted for nearly 25% of India’s exports to the US, up from under 8% in 2013. Chemical exports also saw significant growth as India expanded into more high-value segments, reflecting a broader shift in the country’s export strategy, added the report.

On the import side, India’s reliance on the United States for energy has grown markedly in recent years. In 2024, fuels accounted for 31.5% of India’s imports from the US, a sharp increase from just 7% in 2013. Imports of metals also saw an uptick, rising from 4.8% to 7.1% over the same period, highlighting a broader diversification in trade.

Beyond merchandise, India’s economic partnership with the US has deepened significantly.

American foreign direct investment (FDI) in India jumped from $20.3 billion in FY17 to $70.7 billion in FY25, signaling growing investor confidence and tighter economic integration between the two nations, reported MoneyControl.

Strategic cooperation has also expanded. The US now accounts for 13% of India’s arms imports—up from 8% fifteen years ago—reflecting stronger defence ties between the two democracies.

The tariff announcement comes just a week after India signed a major free trade agreement with the United Kingdom, further cementing its evolving role in global trade dynamics.

With inputs from agencies