Security forces grapple with Myanmar religious violence

Sittwe, Myanmar: Gunshots rang out and residents fled blazing homes in western Myanmar on Tuesday as security forces struggled to contain deadly ethnic and religious violence that has killed at least a dozen people and forced thousands to flee.

The conflict pitting ethnic Rakhine Buddhists against stateless Rohingya Muslims in coastal Rakhine state marks some of the worst sectarian unrest recorded in Myanmar in years. President Thein Sein has declared an emergency and warned that the spiraling violence could threaten the democratic reforms tentatively taking shape in Myanmar after half a century of military rule. [caption id=“attachment_340967” align=“alignleft” width=“380” caption=“The security forces are struggling to contain the violence in Myanmar.”]  [/caption] On Tuesday in the regional capital, Sittwe, police fired live rounds into the air to disperse Rohingyas who could be seen burning homes in one neighborhood. Hordes of people ran to escape the chaos. “Smoke is billowing from many directions and we are scared,” said Ma Thein, an ethnic Rakhine resident in Sittwe, where dark smoke from numerous fires covered the skyline into the late afternoon. “The government should send in more security forces to protect both communities.” Truckloads of security forces have been deployed in Sittwe for days, and much of the port city was reported calm, including its main road. But homes were burning in three or four districts that have yet to be pacified. In one, police fired skyward to separate hundreds-strong mobs wielding sticks and stones; in another, soldiers helped move 1,000 Muslims by trucks to safer areas. Ma Thein said that some people were running short of food and water, with banks, schools and markets closed. Some small shops opened early Tuesday to sell fish and vegetables early in the morning to residents who braved the tense streets. Bangladesh has turned back about 500 Rohingyas trying to escape by boat. Mohammad Jainul Bari, a Bangladeshi government administrator in a district bordering Myanmar, said the Rohingyas had crammed into 11 wooden vessels over the past three days. Bari gave no reason for turning them back, but said authorities had orders not to allow them into the country. The unrest, which began Friday, was triggered by the rape and murder last month of a Buddhist girl, allegedly by three Muslims, and the June 3 lynching of 10 Muslims in apparent retaliation. There are long-standing tensions between the two groups. Myanmar’s government regards the Rohingyas as illegal migrants from Bangladesh and has rendered them stateless by denying them citizenship. Although some are recent settlers, many have lived in Myanmar for generations and rights groups say they suffer severe discrimination. The United Nations’ refugee agency estimates 800,000 Rohingya live in Myanmar’s mountainous Rakhine state. Thousands attempt to flee every year to Bangladesh, Malaysia and elsewhere, trying to escape a life of abuse. The conflict poses one the biggest tests yet for Myanmar’s new government and how it handles the unrest will draw close scrutiny from Western powers, which have praised Thein Sein’s administration and rewarded it by easing years of harsh economic sanctions. Human Rights Watch called on the government to “take all necessary steps” to protect at-risk communities and questioned the descision to call a state of emergency, which allows the military to take over administrative functions in the area. “Given the Burmese army’s brutal record of abuses … putting the military in charge of law enforcement could make matters worse,” said Elaine Pearson, the New York-based group’s deputy Asia director. Myanmar’s former name of Burma is preferred by many activists. On Monday, US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton urged a halt to the violence and a transparent investigation. State run newspapers reported that 4,100 people who lost homes had taken refuge in Buddhist monasteries, schools and in a police headquarters the towns of Maungdaw and Buthidaung, both in Rakhine state. Thousands more were reportedly displaced in Sittwe itself, according to a Rakhine political party. The Rakhine Nationalities Development Party is one of the major parties associated with the country’s ethnic minorities, and holds several dozen seats in the the 664-member parliament. State media has reported eight dead in Maungdaw, and an AP journalist saw the corpses of four people killed in Sittwe. AP