 "AUKUS & Indo-Pacific security: Experts discuss progress, challenges at Raisina Dialogue 2025")
At Firstpost’s IdeasPod during the Raisina Dialogue 2025, key figures—Bernard Phillip, first assistant secretary from Australia and Abe Denmark, former senior advisor to the secretary of defence for AUKUS discussed the progress, challenges and future of the trilateral security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Excerpts:
AUKUS: A strategic partnership
AUKUS, signed in 2021 is a landmark defence agreement to enhance security cooperation among the three nations. Abe Denmark outlined the two pillars of AUKUS. Pillar 1 focuses on helping Australia acquire nuclear-powered submarines, the first time the US has shared its naval nuclear propulsion technology since the 1950s. Pillar 2, on the other hand, emphasises advanced capabilities such as quantum computing, artificial intelligence and electronic warfare with the potential for additional partners like Japan to join specific projects.
Highlighting Australia’s strategic rationale for joining AUKUS, Bernard Phillip cited the Indo-Pacific region’s increasing unpredictability and higher risks. As an island continent surrounded by the Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans, Australia places a premium on naval capabilities that offer speed and endurance. The partnership with the US and UK, he said, provides Australia with a unique edge in addressing its strategic challenges.
The role of the UK and progress to date
When asked about the UK’s contribution, Denmark emphasised the UK’s longstanding partnership with the US in submarine technology and its robust defence industrial base. While Phillip said that the UK’s historical collaboration with Australia, particularly through the Royal Navy makes it a natural partner in this trilateral effort.
Regarding progress, Denmark noted that Pillar 1 has seen significant advancements, including investments in industrial capacity and regulatory harmonisation. However, Pillar 2, while making strides in areas like undersea vehicles and quantum navigation, lacks a tangible, headline-grabbing capability. Both speakers agreed that while foundational work has been strong, the alliance needs to deliver more visible outcomes in Pillar 2 to demonstrate its value.
Surviving political transitions
AUKUS has weathered political changes in all three countries, including the transition from the Biden to the Trump administration in the US. Denmark expressed confidence in the Trump administration’s support for AUKUS, citing statements from key officials. He acknowledged potential debates over the US shipbuilding industry but remained optimistic about the alliance’s continuity.
Phillip echoed this sentiment, emphasising Australia’s strong commitment to AUKUS despite domestic debates and concerns over costs. He highlighted the complexity of the project, which includes training personnel, establishing a nuclear regulator, and building sustainment capabilities. Australia has already supported visiting US Navy submarines in Perth, a sign of progress in Pillar 1.
Broader implications for the Indo-Pacific
The discussion also touched on AUKUS’s role in shaping the Indo-Pacific’s balance of power. Denmark argued that AUKUS is part of a broader US strategy to modernise alliances and strengthen partnerships across the region, particularly in response to China’s assertive behaviour. He noted that while AUKUS has faced criticism, its strategic logic remains robust and aligned with regional security interests.
Phillip emphasised Australia’s broader regional engagement, including partnerships with Pacific Island nations, Japan, India, and ASEAN. He highlighted the Quad’s growing role in maritime security, with Australia prioritising collaboration in this area.