New nuclear technologies will provide diverse solutions for future needs: IAEA chief Grossi

Amid growing geopolitical tensions and the increasing weaponisation of energy resources, nuclear power is witnessing a resurgence, according to Rafael Mariano Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Speaking at Firstpost’s IdeasPod, held as part of the annual Raisina Dialogue, organised by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) in partnership with the Ministry of External Affairs, Grossi highlighted the renewed interest in nuclear energy as countries seek energy security and sustainable power solutions.

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Grossi described the renewed interest in nuclear power as a “return to realism” rather than a renaissance, driven by the global need for electrification, decarbonisation, and reliable base-load energy.

He pointed to the widespread revival of nuclear power, with significant growth in India, China, Japan, North America, and parts of Europe. Central and Eastern European nations, including Czechia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Poland, are also turning to nuclear energy to reduce dependence on gas imports.

Addressing concerns over the concentration of nuclear fuel sources in a few countries, Grossi downplayed fears of supply disruptions, stating that there is currently no uranium shortage. While acknowledging geopolitical challenges and embargoes, he asserted that nuclear energy remains one of the most tightly monitored sectors, with the IAEA ensuring compliance with non-proliferation measures.

The conversation also touched on technological advancements in nuclear energy, particularly the emergence of small modular reactors (SMRs). Grossi noted that SMRs offer flexibility, affordability, and enhanced safety features, making them viable for remote regions and industrial applications. He highlighted their potential use in desalination, data centers, and even commercial shipping, underscoring nuclear energy’s expanding role in global energy infrastructure.

While recognising the challenges of democratizing access to nuclear technology, Grossi emphasised the importance of international cooperation and regulatory oversight. He dismissed concerns about the viability of international uranium stockpiles, stating that the Kazakhstan-based low-enriched uranium bank serves only a limited function rather than a comprehensive solution to fuel security.

As countries reassess their energy strategies, nuclear power is poised to play a crucial role in the future energy mix, balancing security, sustainability, and technological innovation.