Brexit deal crushed in British Parliament: Explaining the border 'backstop' that halted Theresa May's plan to divorce EU

Much of the stated opposition to Prime Minister Theresa May’s divorce deal with the European Union centered on the “backstop.” The provision was designed to prevent the reintroduction of border controls between Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK, and the Republic of Ireland, a member of the EU. After Brexit, the border will be the UK’s only land frontier with the EU. A look at the issue: [caption id=“attachment_5903741” align=“alignnone” width=“825”] The change in road surface which denotes the exact border with County Armagh in Northern Ireland (in UK) on the left and County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland on the right on the border village of Middletown, Northern Ireland. Reuters[/caption] What’s wrong with a border? During the decades of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland known as “the Troubles,” a border with roadblocks and checkpoints teemed with soldiers and paramilitaries. About 3,700 people were killed in a conflict between Irish nationalists and UK unionists from 1968 to 1998, when the Good Friday accord led to a power-sharing arrangement that quelled much of the bloodshed and made the border all but disappear. Since both Britain and Ireland are currently part of the European Union with its single market, people and goods flow freely between Ireland and Northern Ireland., with no need for customs checks. Brexit could disrupt that easy movement, upending lives and businesses, and undercutting a fragile peace process What was May’s proposal? The proposed withdrawal agreement included a “backstop” provision to keep a hard border from returning by keeping the UK in a customs union with the EU after Brexit. The agreement gave Britain and the EU until 2022 to reach a new permanent trade deal and stated the “backstop” would come into effect only if they failed to do so. Why did critics oppose it? Politicians favoring Brexit complained that Britain wouldn’t be able to get out of the backstop unilaterally; the deal required the mutual agreement of both sides. That meant it could remain in place indefinitely and keep the UK bound to EU customs regulations. Critics argued such a scenario would derail Britain’s efforts to strike other international trade deals. Lawmakers who want to remain close to the EU disliked it, too, because Britain would be subject to customs and trade rules over which it had no say. May’s political allies from Northern Ireland, the Democratic Unionist Party, also objected because the backstop treated Northern Ireland differently from other parts of the UK. The party said that frayed the bond between Northern Ireland and the rest of the country.