Researchers develop AI system that can interpret what a person is seeing by analysing brain scans

Scientists have developed a new artificial intelligence system that can decode the human mind, and interpret what a person is seeing by analysing brain scans. The advance could aid efforts to improve artificial intelligence ( **AI** ) and lead to new insights into brain function. Critical to the research is a type of algorithm called a convolutional neural network, which has been instrumental in enabling computers and smartphones to recognise faces and objects. [caption id=“attachment_4170537” align=“alignleft” width=“380”]  Image: Purdue University.[/caption] “That type of network has made an enormous impact in the field of computer vision in recent years,” said Zhongming Liu, an assistant professor at **Purdue University** in the US. “Our technique uses the neural network to understand what you are seeing,” Liu said. Convolutional neural networks, a form of “deep-learning” algorithm, have been used to study how the brain processes static images and other visual stimuli. “This is the first time such an approach has been used to see how the brain processes movies of natural scenes - a step toward decoding the brain while people are trying to make sense of complex and dynamic visual surroundings,” said Haiguang Wen, a doctoral student at Purdue University. The researchers acquired 11.5 hours of Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from each of three women subjects watching 972 video clips, including those showing people or animals in action and nature scenes. The data was used to train the system to predict the activity in the brains visual cortex while the subjects were watching the videos. The model was then used to decode fMRI data from the subjects to reconstruct the videos, even ones the model had never watched before. The model was able to accurately decode the fMRI data into specific image categories. Actual video images were then presented side-by-side with the computers interpretation of what the persons brain saw based on fMRI data. “I think what is a unique aspect of this work is that we are doing the decoding nearly in real time, as the subjects are watching the video. We scan the brain every two seconds, and the model rebuilds the visual experience as it occurs,” said Wen, lead author of the study published in the journal Cerebral Cortex. The researchers were able to figure out how certain locations in the brain were associated with specific information a person was seeing. “Using our technique, you may visualize the specific information represented by any brain location, and screen through all the locations in the brains visual cortex,” Wen said. “By doing that, you can see how the brain divides a visual scene into pieces, and re-assembles the pieces into a full understanding of the visual scene,” he said.