How 2025 unfolded for Africa amid political and economic uncertainty

The article reviews how Africa fared in 2025 amid widespread political, economic, and security challenges, compounded by limited global attention. Prolonged conflicts in Sudan, Somalia, the Sahel, and the Democratic Republic of Congo deepened humanitarian crises and destabilised governance, while democratic backsliding continued through flawed elections and military coups. Economically, Africa faced slowing growth despite long-term potential driven by urbanisation, services expansion, and the promise of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. International engagement shifted, with declining Western focus and expanding Chinese, Russian, and Gulf involvement. Africa’s G20 moment underscored both its rising voice and persistent vulnerability.