As COVID-19 vaccination drive revs up across globe, scavengers, trash collectors in urban centres struggle for access to shots

By Aniruddha Ghosal The scavengers wait patiently for a dump truck to tip the trash on the summit of the landfill outside New Delhi. Armed with plastic bags, they plunge their bare hands into the garbage and start sorting it. Every day, more than 2,300 tons of garbage is dumped at the landfill at Bhalswa that covers an area bigger than 50 football fields, with a pile taller than a 17-story building. And every day, thousands of these informal workers climb the precarious slopes to pick through what can be salvaged. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Traffic moves on a highway near the Bhalswa landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi. Photo via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri They are among the estimated 20 million people around the world — in rich nations and poor — who are pivotal in keeping cities clean, alongside paid sanitation employees. But unlike those municipal workers, they usually are not eligible for the coronavirus vaccine and are finding it hard to get the shots. The pandemic has amplified the risks that these informal workers face. Few have their own protective gear or even clean water to wash their hands, said Chitra Mukherjee of Chintan, a nonprofit environmental research group in New Delhi. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Birds hover as trash pickers look for recyclable waste at Bhalswa landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi. Photo via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Trash pickers look for recyclable waste at the Bhalswa landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi. Photo via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri “If they are not vaccinated, then the cities will suffer,” Mukherjee said. Manuwara Begum, 46, lives in a cardboard hut behind a five-star hotel in the heart of New Delhi and feels the inequity keenly. Chintan estimates that each year, those like her save the local government over $50 million and eliminate over 900,000 tons of carbon dioxide by diverting waste away from landfills. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: (LEFT) Sahra Bano sorts reusable items from the Bhalswa landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi. | (RIGHT) Manuwara Begum, 46, sorts out garbage collected from households in New Delhi. | Photos via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri Still, they are not considered “essential workers” and thus are ineligible for vaccinations. Begum has started an online petition pleading for vaccines and asking, “Are we not human?” [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Young girls play near a landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi. Photo via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri Sanitation workers employed by local governments in South Africa and Zimbabwe are likely to be in line for the COVID-19 vaccine after health workers, unlike those who sort through the trash. At the Dandora landfill in Kenya’s capital of Nairobi, some of the scavengers who are not eligible for a shot wear medical gear discarded by hospitals and health clinics, saying it especially protects them from the weather during the rainy season. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: (LEFT) Duncan Wanjohi, scavenges recyclable materials for a living at a garbage dump at Dandora, the largest garbage dump in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi. | (RIGHT) Isaac Kivai, who scavenges recyclables for a living, puts on a protective suit found in the trash at Dandora. | Photos via The Associated Press/Brian Inganga [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Duncan Wanjohi, right, and Kelvin Kimani, centre, scavenge for recyclable materials from Dandora. Photo via The Associated Press/Brian Inganga [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: (LEFT) A man wearing a protective suit he found in the trash scavenges for artificial hair at Dandora. | (RIGHT) Isaac Kivai converses with his fellow trash collectors at Dandora. | Photos via The Associated Press/Brian Inganga There is no doubt that these people provide an essential service, says Louise Guibrunet, a researcher at National Autonomous University of Mexico who has studied the issue. In Mexico, scavengers help municipal workers on garbage trucks and often collect trash from neighbourhoods not served by authorities. The work is dangerous, and injuries are common, so governments have an incentive to not recognise them or provide benefits like health care, she said. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Trash pickers unload garbage in Mexico City. Photo via The Associated Press/Marco Ugarte They often are already poor, moving to unfamiliar cities to eke out a living by sorting garbage, says Robin Jeffrey, a professor at the Institute of South Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore. That many of these workers in India belong to poor Muslim or Dalit communities, who once were known as “untouchables” at the bottom of the country’s caste system, adds a layer of prejudice. “The vaccine is just another, and very dramatic, example of an exclusion that has prevailed before COVID-19 came on the horizon,” said Jeffrey, who co-authored a book on waste in India in 2018. India said it will give vaccines to everyone over 45 starting 1 April. At private hospitals, each shot is sold for 250 rupees (US$ 3.45), but they are free at government hospitals. Because the pandemic sent the price of oil crashing, it became cheaper to make new plastic than to recycle it. In many countries, closed borders brought recycling markets to a halt, lowering demand for reused materials that the workers collect.

In New Delhi, a pound of plastic bottles sells for the equivalent of 11 US cents, half of what it brought before the pandemic. Sahra Bano, 37, who lives near the Bhalswa landfill and sells what she can scavenge, says she used to earn about 400 rupees (US$ 5) per day. Now, getting even half that is difficult. Toxic runoff from the landfill infiltrates the groundwater, so she must spend 40 rupees (5 cents) per day on bottled water; the rest of what she earns goes for food. To earn enough to get one shot of the vaccine, she said she would have to collect and sell an additional 31 pounds of plastic bottles. “We are struggling to feed our family. How can we buy vaccines?” she asks. To get the free vaccine from an overburdened public hospital, she would have to wait there for days, and each day away from work is one without food on the table. Moreover, the stigma associated with waste workers in India means they are often turned away from such facilities. [imgcenter]

[/imgcenter] Above: Garbage trucks drive through the Pavia dump in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Photo via The Associated Press/Ariana Cubillos “They don’t treat us well,” Bano says. Any illness means visiting a drugstore, not a doctor, for medicine. If they’re lucky, the person recovers, she says, adding: “If not, what can we do?” *** Associated Press writers Tom Odula in Nairobi; Farai Mutsaka in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Mogomotsi Magome in Johannesburg contributed to this report. Bleed image: Trash workers look for recyclables at Bhalswa landfill on the outskirts of New Delhi, India, on 10 March, 2021. Photo via The Associated Press/Altaf Qadri