Dr explains: Why booster shots are crucial even with mild Covid-19 symptoms prevailing

According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India’s active Covid-19 cases have reached 5,364 as of Friday, with Kerala remaining the most affected state, reporting over 1,600 active cases. Gujarat, West Bengal, and Delhi follow, with Delhi recording 592 active cases while conducting an average of 1,200 RT-PCR tests daily.

The recent surge is primarily driven by newer Omicron subvariants. Firstpost talked to Dr. Diksha Goyal, Consultant – Internal Medicine, Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurugram to shed light on the current Covid-19 scenario, the impact of emerging variants and what people need to know.

Reports indicate new variants like LF.7, XFG, JN.1, and NB.1.8.1 are driving the surge. Which of these are currently most prevalent in India?

The JN.1 subvariant of Omicron is currently the most widespread in India. Other variants like LF.7, XFG, and NB.1.8.1 are present but less common. All appear to cause mild, self-limiting infections, with no significant rise in severe cases or hospitalisation.

Are there any emerging symptoms that differ from previous Covid-19 waves?

Yes, while traditional symptoms like fever and cough persist, new symptoms such as hoarseness, sore throat, fatigue, and mild gastrointestinal issues (like nausea or diarrhoea) are increasingly reported. These variants may feel milder but remain highly transmissible.

How do current case and hospitalisation numbers compare to earlier waves?

The current surge is far less severe than previous waves. Most infections are mild, and the healthcare system is not under strain. Authorities are maintaining readiness, but infrastructure and critical care services are coping well.

How deadly are these new variants compared to earlier ones like Delta or previous Omicron strains?

Clinically, the newer variants are more contagious but less lethal than the Delta variant. Symptoms are often milder than or similar to previous Omicron subvariants, particularly in vaccinated individuals. However, those at higher risk should remain cautious.

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The WHO has classified NB.1.8.1 as a “Variant Under Monitoring.” What does this mean?

This label signals genetic changes that could affect how the virus behaves, including its ability to spread or evade immunity. While not currently a major threat, it warrants close observation in case of any future risk.

Are specific groups more vulnerable to severe illness with these new variants?

Yes. Older adults, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and children remain more susceptible to complications. Their immune systems may be weaker or still developing, so vaccination and preventive measures are essential.

With waning immunity, what’s your advice on booster doses?

Booster shots are crucial, especially for high-risk people. They help sustain protection, reduce the severity of illness, and lower the chance of hospitalisation. Staying up to date with boosters remains a key preventive strategy.

How effective are current vaccines against these variants? Do we need new formulations?

Existing vaccines still offer strong protection against severe illness, hospitalisation, and death. While they may be less effective at preventing infection, they remain beneficial. Updated formulations targeting newer variants could enhance this protection further.

What about people with “hybrid immunity” from both vaccination and infection?

Hybrid immunity offers stronger, more durable protection than either vaccination or infection alone. It significantly reduces the risk of severe illness. However, this immunity may wane over time, so periodic boosters are still recommended.

How important is genomic surveillance? Is India prepared?

Ongoing surveillance and sequencing are vital for tracking new variants and guiding public health responses. India has ramped up its genomic capabilities, but sustained funding, coordination, and vigilance are needed to remain prepared for future waves.

Could Covid-19 become seasonal like the flu?

That’s a strong possibility. Covid-19 may eventually become endemic with periodic surges, much like influenza. The pattern will depend on factors such as mutations, immunity levels, and public health responses.

What key lessons from past waves should guide future responses?

The most important lessons are early detection, rapid response, and transparency. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring vaccine access, and maintaining public health measures during surges are essential for staying ahead of the virus.