Dr explains: How sleep deprivation became collateral damage in a toxic productivity culture

Sleep has become a casualty of ambition in an age where overwork is often glamorised and long hours are worn like a badge of honour. Yet, chronic sleep deprivation is no mere inconvenience; it is a growing public health crisis with far-reaching implications for individual well-being and workplace productivity. From impaired decision-making to increased risk of chronic illness, the toll of insufficient sleep is both measurable and severe.

Dr Prashant Saxena, Senior Director and Head of Pulmonology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine at Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, spoke to Firstpost to share insights into the health and cognitive consequences of chronic sleep deprivation and the urgent need to prioritise sleep in high-pressure work environments.

The costs of chronic sleep deprivation

Sleep deprivation is linked to a host of serious health issues including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weakened immunity. Its impact on mental health is equally concerning, contributing to anxiety, depression, and even cognitive decline. According to experts, adults require 7–9 hours of quality sleep per night. Regularly falling short of this threshold disrupts hormonal balance and bodily functions, increasing vulnerability to disease.

The myth of minimal sleep

It’s not uncommon for high-performing professionals to claim they thrive on just 4–5 hours of sleep. However, medical evidence overwhelmingly contradicts this notion. While individuals may temporarily adapt, chronic sleep deprivation inevitably leads to diminished focus, impaired memory, and a higher risk of mistakes or accidents. This myth only serves to normalise a hazardous behavior pattern, masking the real damage being done.

Fatigue vs. sleep deprivation: Knowing the difference

Stress-related fatigue and sleep deprivation often manifest similarly, making it hard to tell them apart. Burnout may result from prolonged mental or emotional stress, while sleep deprivation is strictly due to insufficient rest. Treating one while ignoring the other can worsen overall health outcomes. Accurate diagnosis and targeted solutions—like improved sleep hygiene or stress management—are essential for recovery.

When sleep loss affects job performance

Cognitive and operational impacts:

Chronic sleep loss erodes critical workplace skills such as problem-solving, concentration, and decision-making. Research shows that a tired brain functions similarly to a mildly intoxicated one—reaction times slow, judgment falters, and productivity drops. The consequences can be costly, not only for individuals but also for the organisations they work for.

Strained relationships at work:

Lack of sleep also impairs emotional intelligence, reducing communication ability, interpreting social cues, or managing interpersonal conflict. This can lead to workplace friction, misunderstandings, and a toxic team environment. A well-rested employee is more likely to engage constructively and maintain professional relationships.

Which industries are most at risk?

High-stakes, high-stress professions:

Sectors like healthcare, emergency services, aviation, and finance often demand extended shifts, irregular hours, and sustained alertness, making workers particularly susceptible to sleep deprivation. Employers in these industries must proactively address the issue through policy reforms such as flexible schedules, designated rest breaks, and wellness programs focused on sleep education.