Doctor explains: How regular physical activity can help prevent cancer and aid recovery

In recent years, science has made one thing clear: exercise isn’t just about fitness, it’s a vital component in preventing and managing serious diseases including cancer. From cutting the risk of developing certain cancers to improving treatment outcomes and lowering the chances of recurrence, staying physically active has powerful, proven benefits.

Dr. Arun Kumar Goel, Chairman (Surgical Oncology) at Andromeda Cancer Hospital, Sonipat talked to Firstpost on how regular movement can strengthen the immune system, regulate hormones, reduce inflammation and support long-term survival.  

How does regular physical activity impact cancer prevention?

Cancers such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, oesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cancer of kidney, multiple myeloma, meningioma etc, can be associated with excess body weight/obesity. Regular physical activity helps in reducing the risk of developing certain types of cancer. It keeps body weight under control, boosts the immune system, improves hormone balance, and reduces inflammation—all of which help lower cancer risk.

Is there scientific evidence linking specific types of exercise to reduced cancer risk?

Yes. Studies show that aerobic exercises like walking, jogging, swimming and cycling as well as strength training, can lower the risk of some cancers. Among them, brisk walking for at least 30 minutes a day has shown significant benefits.

What are the most common cancers where exercise shows a strong preventive benefit?

Exercise is especially helpful in reducing the risk of: Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Endometrial (uterine) cancer, Prostate cancer, Lung cancer (in non-smokers), and many more.

Can moderate daily activity like walking or household chores also lower cancer risk?

Yes. Even regular household work, climbing stairs, or walking to the local market can contribute to better health and lower cancer risk. You don’t need to join a gym—being active in daily life makes a difference.

How safe is it for patients to exercise during cancer treatment like chemotherapy or radiation?

For most patients, gentle to moderate exercise is safe and often recommended during treatment. It should be done under medical guidance, especially if the patient feels weak or has specific health issues. We advise patients to remain active during the cancer treatments so that they do not gain excess weight during the treatment.

Does exercise help reduce the side effects of cancer treatments, such as fatigue or neuropathy?

Yes. Light exercise can help reduce tiredness (fatigue), nausea, constipation, depression, and even nerve pain (neuropathy). It also improves sleep and overall mood.

What are the biological pathways through which exercise influences tumor growth or immune function?

Exercise improves blood flow, enhances the body’s natural killer cells (which fight cancer), reduces growth factors that feed tumors, and helps the body repair damage faster. It also controls insulin and hormone levels.

Is there a link between exercise and inflammation, hormone regulation, or insulin resistance in cancer patients?

Yes. Exercise reduces chronic inflammation, balances hormones like estrogen and insulin, and improves the way the body uses sugar. These changes help prevent cancer and slow its progression.

Are there standard exercise guidelines for cancer patients or survivors, and how should they be customised?

Global guidelines suggest at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, plus two days of strength training. However, the plan should be personalised based on age, type of cancer, stage, current treatment, and energy levels.

Should the approach differ based on cancer type, stage, or treatment status?

Yes. Someone recovering from surgery needs a different routine than someone on chemotherapy. A patient with bone cancer or lung involvement may need supervised or lighter exercises. Always consult your cancer doctor or physiotherapist before starting.

How important is exercise in post-cancer recovery and preventing recurrence?

Physical activity plays a big role in recovery. It helps patients regain strength, reduce depression, and may lower the chances of cancer coming back, especially in breast, colon, and prostate cancers.

What role does physical activity play in improving long-term outcomes and survival rates?

Patients who remain active tend to live longer and have a better quality of life. They are less likely to face complications, and their chances of surviving the disease improve.

Are there any myths or misconceptions about exercise and cancer you would like to correct?

Yes. Some people think rest is best during cancer—this is not true. While rest is needed when one is exhausted, avoiding all activity can lead to weakness, loss of muscle, and poor recovery. Another myth is that exercise can “spread cancer”—this is false. Exercise is safe and helpful in most cases.

Are there cases where patients should avoid certain types of exercise during treatment or recovery?

Yes. Patients with low blood counts, severe fatigue, balance problems, or risk of fractures (e.g., bone metastasis) should avoid heavy or risky exercises. In such cases, exercises should be guided by a physiotherapist or oncology team.