HIV project in India averted 100,000 infections: study

Paris: A scheme in six Indian states that concentrated safe-sex campaigns on a few niche groups prevented 100,000 HIV infections over five years, according to estimates published in The Lancet today. The Avahan project was launched in 2003 in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, along with the northeastern states of Manipur and Nagaland, using a massive grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. These states, with a total population of 300 million, had the highest prevalences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India at the time. [caption id=“attachment_104329” align=“alignleft” width=“380” caption=“Avahan was launched at a time when India was gripped by fears that as many as 25 million of its people could be infected by HIV by 2010. Getty Images”]  [/caption] Avahan’s goal was to boost prevention among prostitutes and their customers, gays, injecting drug users and truck drivers to stop HIV from leaping from high-risk groups to the wider population. Tactics included one-on-one safe-sex counselling, free condoms, exchanging used needles for sterilised ones, clinics to treat sexually-transmitted disease and advocacy work within the community. “Overall, we estimated that 100,178 HIV infections were averted at the population level from 2003 up to 2008 as a result of Avahan,” says the study. Its estimate derives from HIV prevalence in key districts in the six states. The campaign was most effective in districts that received the most resources but also worked better in the heavily-populated southern states rather than in the remote northeastern ones, say the authors. Overall, a targeted strategy as opposed to a generalised effort spread across the population was a big success and a useful lesson for other countries, they say. Prevention has been in the doldrums in recent years, given the success of antiretroviral drugs that treat HIV but do not cure it. But experts caution that drugs alone are not enough to roll back the global pandemic. As the infection tally rises higher, so does the drugs bill, as the medication has to be taken daily for the rest of one’s life. Avahan was launched at a time when India was gripped by fears that as many as 25 million of its people could be infected by HIV by 2010. AFP