Economic Survey: India’s development depends on both ‘Make in India’ and ‘Skilling India’

Calling ‘Make in India’ a flagship initiative, The Economic Survey 2014-2015 highlights that there’s the need for balance between ‘Make in India’ and ‘Skilling India’. The Survey contemplates “What should India make? Manufacturing or Services?.” As a prelude, the survey states that, in order to bring about expansion and structural transformation, India should utilise its dominant resource of unskilled labour. [caption id=“attachment_2064493” align=“alignleft” width=“380”]  Make in India[/caption] The survey distinguishes registered manufacturing (formal sector) from the general manufacturing which covers informal sector as well; and recognises registered manufacturing as having “the potential for structural transformation.” Registered manufacturing exhibits high productivity compared to other sectors of the economy., the survey notes. However, the Economic Survey observes that manufacturing productivity in India lags behind other nations. The survey points out that all Indian states exhibit declining share of manufacturing in the state GDP. In addition, the survey identifies that registered manufacturing couldn’t bridge regional disparities in India. In addition to this, registered manufacturing now in India has been identified as skill intensive which is not in line with the India’s comparative advantage in unskilled labour. The Economic Survey identifies four factors for non development of manufacturing as an engine of economic growth – Distortions in Labour Market; Distortions in Capital Market; Distortions in Land Market; and Specialization not in line with India’s comparative advantage in unskilled labour. Certain subsectors of services – financial services and business services, exhibit higher productivity levels than registered manufacturing. However, these sectors being highly skill intensive (excluding construction) are out of line with the skill profile of the Indian labour force. They are unlikely to generate widely shared and inclusive growth. However, the survey observes that the service sector has the potential for domestic growth convergence across regions. Hence, the survey redrafts the question of manufacturing versus service. It posits that the real question should be whether we want to concentrate on non-skilled labor intensive sectors or the development of skill intensive sector. The Economic Survey concludes that Indian growth should balance the nation’s comparative advantage in availability of low skilled labour with skill development required by future generations to take advantage of lost opportunities. The registered manufacturing must be expanded to take leverage of India’s abundant unskilled labour. While ‘Make in India’ occupies prominence as an important goal, the future trajectory of Indian Development depends on both ‘Make in India’ and ‘Skilling India’, the Economic Survey says.